五邑大学学报(自然科学版)

磁浮列车速度提升导致气动阻力、气动升力骤增，既导致高能耗，也威胁悬浮稳定性与安全性，气动减阻降升成为其高速发展关键.本研究采用SST k-ω湍流模型仿真列车流场及气动特性，提出在尾部安装三棱锥涡流发生器，探索了6种不同安装角度对高速磁浮列车周围流场结构及尾流特性的影响，并评估其气动减阻降升效果.研究结果表明：正向角度安装涡流发生器可引导气流发散，而负向角度安装则对气流产生汇聚作用，两者均对尾车的气动阻力和升力有显著影响.涡流发生器能显著减小流线型尾车过渡区域和鼻尖点两侧涡脱位置的负压区域面积和强度，降低尾车底部近鼻锥处正压值，从而实现气动减阻和降升.正向45°安装涡流发生器的协同气动减阻降升效果最佳，尾车气动阻力和升力分别减小6.92%、19.01%，整车减阻率和降升率达3.25%和10.00%.本研究提出的涡流发生器设计可显著改善磁浮列车气动性能，有助于降低能耗并提高运行安全性.

The increase in Maglev train speed leads to a sharp rise in aerodynamic drag and lift, which not only increases energy consumption but also threatens levitation stability and safety. Consequently, aerodynamic drag reduction and lift control are critical for advancing higher-speed maglev transportation systems. Using the SST k-ω turbulence model, the paper numerically simulated the flow-field structures and aerodynamic lift/drag characteristics around a high-speed maglev train. Triangular pyramid vortex generators were proposed for installation on the tail car, and the effects of six different installation angles on the flow field structure and wake characteristics around a high-speed Maglev train were investigated, with an evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing aerodynamic drag and lift. The results indicate that vortex generators installed at positive angles guide airflow to diverge, while those at negative angles cause airflow convergence, both significantly affect the aerodynamic drag and lift of the tail car. The vortex generators can markedly reduce the area and intensity of the negative pressure regions in the transition zone of the streamlined tail car and at the vortex shedding locations on both sides of the nose tip, and also decrease the positive pressure value near the nose cone at the bottom of the tail car, thereby achieving aerodynamic drag and lift reduction. The vortex generators installed at a positive 45° angle yielded the best synergistic effect for drag and lift reduction, reducing the aerodynamic drag and lift of the tail car by 6.92% and 19.01%, respectively, and achieving overall train drag and lift reduction rates of 3.25% and 10.00%. The vortex generator design proposed in this study can significantly improve the aerodynamic performance of Maglev trains, contributing to reduced energy consumption and enhanced operational safety.